In the earth’s crust and in seawater, K⁺ and Na⁺ are by far the most available monovalent inorganic cations. Physico-chemically, K⁺ and Na⁺ are very similar, but K⁺ is widely used by plants whereas Na⁺ can easily reach toxic levels. Indeed, salinity is one of the major and growing threats to agricultural production. In this article, we outline the fundamental bases for the differences between Na⁺ and K⁺. We present the foundation of transporter selectivity and summarize findings on transporters of the HKT type, which are reported to transport Na⁺ and/or Na⁺ and K⁺, and may play a central role in Na⁺ utilization and detoxification in plants. Based on the structural differences in the hydration shells of K⁺ and Na⁺, and by comparison with sodium channels, we present an ad hoc mechanistic model that can account for ion permeation through HKTs.

Item Type:	Refereed Article
Keywords:	HKT, potassium, sodium, transport mechanism
Research Division:	Biological Sciences
Research Group:	Plant biology
Research Field:	Plant physiology
Objective Division:	Plant Production and Plant Primary Products
Objective Group:	Environmentally sustainable plant production
Objective Field:	Management of gaseous waste from plant production (excl. greenhouse gases)
UTAS Author:	Cuin, TA (Dr Tracey Cuin)
ID Code:	127011
Year Published:	2014
Web of Science® Times Cited:	139
Deposited By:	Agriculture and Food Systems
Deposited On:	2018-07-06
Last Modified:	2018-09-20
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