Since Antarctic sea ice covers an area larger than the Antarctic continent itself, the discovery that it can fertilize the Southern Ocean with iron (Fe) has fostered a new breadth of research in recent years. In order to test the hypothesis that Fe-binding organic ligands control the distribution of dissolved iron (DFe) in Antarctic pack ice, iron organic speciation was investigated in samples collected during the Sea Ice Physics and Ecosystem eXperiment-2 (SIPEX-2) voyage in Austral winter/spring 2012. Dissolved Fe was measured using sector field inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, and iron organic speciation parameters were determined by competitive ligand equilibration - adsorptive cathodic stripping voltammetry method, using 1-nitroso-2-naphthol (NN) as the added ligand. The concentration of Fe-binding organic ligands (Lt) ranged from 4.9 nM to 41 nM (average of 14.9 ± 8.4 nM, n = 34), and was always higher than the corresponding DFe (average of 7.5 ± 4.5 nM, n = 34). Conditional stability constants (log K′_Fe’L = 11.7–13.0) were similar to those previously observed in land-fast ice. Concentrations of DFe and Lt displayed similar depth profiles; their strong correlation (Spearman's ρ = 0.80, p < 0.001) suggested that Fe-binding organic ligands control DFe distribution in Antarctic pack ice. Unlike results previously obtained for land-fast ice, Fe-binding organic ligands in pack ice were never saturated with iron (Lt/DFe > 1). Estimates showed that pack ice would have released 0.45 μmol/m²/d of Lt during spring melt, 0.21 μmol/m²/d of which are free from Fe binding, and hence available for further complexation. Therefore, it is suggested that this excess of Fe-free ligands may play a key role in controlling the solubility of free or newly formed Fe in surface waters before the peak of primary production, outcompeting the Fe-binding organic ligands already present in seawater.

Item Type:	Refereed Article
Keywords:	sea ice, ligands, iron, Antarctica, pack ice, Southern Ocean
Research Division:	Earth Sciences
Research Group:	Oceanography
Research Field:	Chemical Oceanography
Objective Division:	Environment
Objective Group:	Other Environment
Objective Field:	Environment not elsewhere classified
UTAS Author:	Genovese, C (Miss Cristina Genovese)
UTAS Author:	Janssens, J (Miss Julie Janssens)
UTAS Author:	Wuttig, K (Dr Kathrin Wuttig)
UTAS Author:	Moreau, S (Dr Sebastien Moreau)
UTAS Author:	Lannuzel, D (Associate Professor Delphine Lannuzel)
ID Code:	126077
Year Published:	2018
Web of Science® Times Cited:	1
Deposited By:	Oceans and Cryosphere
Deposited On:	2018-05-22
Last Modified:	2018-11-26
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