Yersinia ruckeri causes significant losses in farmed salmonids (Tobback et al., 2009) and is the causative agent of both enteric red mouth disease in rainbow trout in the Northern Hemisphere (Tobback et al., 2009) and yersiniosis in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) in the Southern Hemisphere (Carson & Wilson, 2009). The first commercial yersiniosis vaccine was licensed in 1976 as formalin-killed whole cells of Y. ruckeri (see Bridle, Koop, & Nowak, 2012). Formalin inactivation is most commonly used for commercial fish vaccine production (Sommerset, Krossøy, Biering, & Frost, 2005). Inactivation of bacteria by formalin influences the physicochemical characteristics of surface antigens and may reduce protective efficacy against pathogenic bacteria (Tu, Chu, Zhuang, & Lu, 2010).

Item Type:	Refereed Article
Keywords:	vaccination, Salmo salar, Yersinia ruckeri, yersiniosis
Research Division:	Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences
Research Group:	Fisheries Sciences
Research Field:	Aquaculture
Objective Division:	Animal Production and Animal Primary Products
Objective Group:	Fisheries - Aquaculture
Objective Field:	Fisheries - Aquaculture not elsewhere classified
UTAS Author:	Nguyen, TD (Mr Duc Nguyen)
UTAS Author:	Crosbie, PBB (Dr Philip Crosbie)
UTAS Author:	Nowak, BF (Professor Barbara Nowak)
UTAS Author:	Bridle, AR (Associate Professor Andrew Bridle)
ID Code:	125975
Year Published:	2018
Web of Science® Times Cited:	20
Deposited By:	Fisheries and Aquaculture
Deposited On:	2018-05-17
Last Modified:	2019-07-31
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