Risk assessment of frequency response and reserve requirement for a power system with high wind power penetration

Increasing role of wind power generation has created new challenges in power system planning and operation. Uncertainty of wind energy may lead to significant load-generation imbalances resulting in large frequency deviations, and hence increase system operation risk. Large wind penetration may also deteriorate the system primary frequency response due to its limited contribution to both system inertia and frequency control under the current practice of determining primary reserve. This paper proposes a risk-based approach to the adequacy assessment of primary frequency response. It can also assist in determining primary reserves requirements for a power system with significant penetration of wind power generation. A simplified dynamic model of frequency taking into account the system inertia and frequency control services is developed for fast evaluation of operational risks due to inadequate frequency response without performing dynamic simulations.