Fluid flow around and drag of two cylindrical cruciform patterns, conventional (T0) and rotated 45º in its own plane (T45), were numerically investigated by solving three-dimensional Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes equations within the subcritical flow regime over angles of attack (AOA) from 90º to 0º. Firstly, the drag for a one-cruciform element was assessed, followed by analysis of a four-cruciform assembly (‘square mesh’) to take into account the wake effect of tandem elements. For the one-cruciform element, T45 experienced a less prominent streamline separation and consequently lower drag between 90° and 45° AOA, while T0 experienced progressively lower drag below 45° AOA owing to re-establishment of smoother streamlines caused by the gradually reduced circulation momentum from the adjacent vortex that rotates in the off-side direction. For the four-cruciform assemblies, T0 and T45 drag was essentially equal above 45º AOA; while below 45º, T45 had greater drag attributed to more prominent spanwise vortex downstream development. Overall, while the largest relative difference between the two orientations was 26.2% and 33.8% for the one- and four-cruciform configurations respectively at 0° AOA, for 30º and above AOA there were limited drag differences (generally below 10%).

Item Type:	Refereed Article
Keywords:	circular cylinder, cruciform, drag coefficient, T0 vs T45 mesh, wake effect
Research Division:	Engineering
Research Group:	Maritime engineering
Research Field:	Maritime engineering not elsewhere classified
Objective Division:	Expanding Knowledge
Objective Group:	Expanding knowledge
Objective Field:	Expanding knowledge in engineering
UTAS Author:	Bi, C-W (Mr Chun-Wei Bi)
UTAS Author:	Balash, C (Dr Cheslav Balash)
UTAS Author:	Matsubara, S (Dr Shinsuke Matsubara)
ID Code:	124344
Year Published:	2017
Web of Science® Times Cited:	12
Deposited By:	NC Maritime Engineering and Hydrodynamics
Deposited On:	2018-02-19
Last Modified:	2018-04-24
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