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A Flexible and Efficient Hierarchical Bayesian Approach to the Exploration of Individual Differences in Cognitive-model-based Neuroscience
Citation
Ly, A and Boehm, U and Heathcote, A and Turner, BM and Forstman, B and Marsman, M and Matzke, D, A Flexible and Efficient Hierarchical Bayesian Approach to the Exploration of Individual Differences in Cognitive-model-based Neuroscience, Computational Models of Brain and Behavior, Wiley-Blackwell Publishing Ltd., AA Moustafa (ed), United States, pp. 467-480. ISBN 978-1-119-15906-3 (2018) [Research Book Chapter]
Copyright Statement
Copyright 2018 John Wiley & Sons
DOI: doi:10.1002/9781119159193.ch34
Abstract
Cognitive‐model‐based neuroscience provides powerful methods of finding the brain areas supporting latent psychological processes. One of these methods is to identify areas whose activation is associated with individual differences in the parameters of cognitive models. We describe how to apply this approach based on Bayesian hierarchical models that are estimated without reference to neural covariates. This enables efficient exploration of the rich sets of covariates without the computational difficulties associated with refitting the cognitive model. Our approach, based on methodology originating from educational surveys (e.g., Mislevy, 1991; Mislevy, Beaton, Kaplan, & Sheehan, 1992), avoids overconfidence in inferences that is associated with performing frequentist tests on posterior point estimates (Boehm, Marsman, Matzke, & Wagenmakers, submitted). We show how to extend this approach to take account of uncertainty in generalizing from a sample of participants to the population (Ly, Marsman, & Wagenmakers, 2015), providing an assessment of whether findings will generalize to new samples. We illustrate the application of our methods to Forstmann et al.'s (2008) fMRI study of the relationship between activation in pre‐SMA and the Basal Ganglia and threshold setting in the LBA model (Brown & Heathcote, 2008), comparing their individual participant maximum‐likelihood estimates to both individual and hierarchical Bayesian estimates obtained using Differential‐Evolution Markov Chain Monte Carlo sampling (Turner, Sederberg, Brown, & Steyvers, 2013).
Item Details
| Item Type: | Research Book Chapter |
|---|---|
| Keywords: | evidence accumulation model, correlations, plausible values, Bayesian estimation, hierarchical model, speed-accuracy trade-off, basal ganglia |
| Research Division: | Psychology |
| Research Group: | Cognitive and computational psychology |
| Research Field: | Memory and attention |
| Objective Division: | Expanding Knowledge |
| Objective Group: | Expanding knowledge |
| Objective Field: | Expanding knowledge in psychology |
| UTAS Author: | Heathcote, A (Professor Andrew Heathcote) |
| ID Code: | 123607 |
| Year Published: | 2018 |
| Deposited By: | Psychology |
| Deposited On: | 2018-01-15 |
| Last Modified: | 2019-04-15 |
| Downloads: | 0 |
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