Development and validation of the living with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease questionnaire

Purpose Available patient-reported outcome (PRO) measures for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) focus primarily on impairment (symptoms) and activities (functioning). The purpose of the study was to develop a patient-based PRO measure for COPD that captures the overall everyday impact of living with COPD from the patient’s perspective. Methods LCOPD items (Living with COPD Questionnaire) were generated from qualitative interviews in the UK and focus groups in the USA. The draft measure was tested for face and content validity in both countries. Item reduction and testing for reproducibility and construct validity was conducted via Rasch and traditional psychometric analyses. Results The draft LCOPD was found to be relevant and acceptable to patients in the UK (N = 19) and US (N = 16). Application of Rasch analysis to data collected in validation studies (n = 162 in the UK and 145 in US) identified a 22-item scale that measured a single construct in both countries. Psychometric analyses indicated that this version