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Changes in ocean heat, carbon content, and ventilation: a review of the first decade of GO-SHIP global repeat hydrography

journal contribution
posted on 2023-05-19, 07:52 authored by Talley, LD, Feeley, RA, Bernadette SloyanBernadette Sloyan, Wanninkhof, R, Baringer, MO, Bullister, JL, Carlson, CA, Doney, SC, Fine, RA, Firing, E, Gruber, N, Hansell, DA, Ishii, M, Johnson, GC, Katsumata, K, Key, RM, Kramp, M, Langdon, C, Macdonald, AM, Mathis, JT, McDonagh, EL, Mecking, S, Millero, FJ, Mordy, CW, Nakano, T, Sabine, CL, Smethie, WM, Swift, JH, Tanhua, T, Thurnherr, AM, Warner, MJ, Zhang, J-Z
Global ship-based programs, with highly accurate, full water column physical and biogeochemical observations repeated decadally since the 1970s, provide a crucial resource for documenting ocean change. The ocean, a central component of Earth's climate system, is taking up most of Earth's excess anthropogenic heat, with about 19% of this excess in the abyssal ocean beneath 2,000 m, dominated by Southern Ocean warming. The ocean also has taken up about 27% of anthropogenic carbon, resulting in acidification of the upper ocean. Increased stratification has resulted in a decline in oxygen and increase in nutrients in the Northern Hemisphere thermocline and an expansion of tropical oxygen minimum zones. Southern Hemisphere thermocline oxygen increased in the 2000s owing to stronger wind forcingand ventilation. The most recent decade of global hydrography has mapped dissolved organic carbon, a large, bioactive reservoir, for the first time and quantified its contribution to export production (∼20%) and deep-ocean oxygen utilization. Ship-based measurements also show that vertical diffusivity increases from a minimum in the thermocline to a maximum within the bottom 1,500 m, shifting our physical paradigm of the ocean's overturning circulation.

History

Publication title

Annual Review of Marine Science

Volume

8

Pagination

185-215

ISSN

1941-1405

Department/School

Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies

Publisher

Annual Reviews

Place of publication

United States

Rights statement

Copyright 2016 Annual Reviews

Repository Status

  • Restricted

Socio-economic Objectives

Climate variability (excl. social impacts)