BACKGROUND: Healthy lifestyles prevent cardiovascular disease and are increasingly recognized in relation to mental health but longitudinal studies are limited. We examined bi-directional associations between mood disorders and healthy lifestyles in a cohort followed for 5 years.

METHOD: Participants were aged 26-36 years at baseline (2004-2006) and 31-41 years at follow-up (2009-2011). At follow-up, lifetime mood disorders (depression or dysthymia) were retrospectively diagnosed with the Composite International Diagnostic Interview. A five-item lifestyle score (comprising body mass index, non-smoking, alcohol consumption, leisure time physical activity and healthy diet) was measured at both time points. Linear and log multinomial regression determined if mood disorder before baseline predicted changes in lifestyle (n = 1041). Log binomial regression estimated whether lifestyle at baseline predicted new episodes of mood disorder (n = 1233). Covariates included age, sex, socio-economic position, parental and marital status, social support, major life events, cardiovascular disease history, and self-rated physical and mental health.

RESULTS: A history of mood disorder before baseline predicted unfavourable trajectories of lifestyle over follow-up, including somewhat lower risk of improvement [relative risk (RR) 0.76, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.56-1.03] and greater risk of worsening (RR 1.46, 95% CI 0.99-2.15) of lifestyle independent of confounding factors. Higher lifestyle scores at baseline were associated with a 22% (RR 0.76, 95% CI 0.61-0.95) reduced risk of first episodes of mood disorder, independent of confounding factors.

CONCLUSIONS: Healthy lifestyles and mood disorders are closely related. Our results suggest that healthy lifestyles may not only reduce cardiovascular disease but also promote mental health.

Item Type:	Refereed Article
Keywords:	Adults, longitudinal studies, mood disorder, risk reduction behaviour
Research Division:	Health Sciences
Research Group:	Epidemiology
Research Field:	Epidemiology not elsewhere classified
Objective Division:	Health
Objective Group:	Public health (excl. specific population health)
Objective Field:	Mental health
UTAS Author:	Gall, SL (Associate Professor Seana Gall)
UTAS Author:	Sanderson, K (Associate Professor Kristy Sanderson)
UTAS Author:	Smith, KJ (Dr Kylie Smith)
UTAS Author:	Dwyer, T (Professor Terry Dwyer)
UTAS Author:	Venn, A (Professor Alison Venn)
ID Code:	115115
Year Published:	2016
Web of Science® Times Cited:	11
Deposited By:	Menzies Institute for Medical Research
Deposited On:	2017-03-08
Last Modified:	2017-11-07
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