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The energetics of Southern Ocean upwelling
Citation
Hogg, AM and Spence, P and Saenko, OA and Downes, SM, The energetics of Southern Ocean upwelling, Journal of Physical Oceanography, 47, (1) pp. 135-153. ISSN 0022-3670 (2017) [Refereed Article]
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Copyright Statement
© 2017 American Meteorological Society
DOI: doi:10.1175/JPO-D-16-0176.1
Abstract
The ocean’s meridional overturning circulation is closed by the upwelling of dense, carbon-rich waters to the surface of the Southern Ocean. It has been proposed that upwelling in this region is driven by strong westerly winds, implying that the intensification of Southern Ocean winds in recent decades may have enhanced the rate of upwelling, potentially affecting the global overturning circulation. However, there is no consensus on the sensitivity of upwelling to winds or on the nature of the connection between Southern Ocean processes and the global overturning circulation. In this study, the sensitivity of the overturning circulation to changes in Southern Ocean westerly wind stress is investigated using an eddy-permitting ocean–sea ice model. In addition to a suite of standard circulation metrics, an energy analysis is used to aid dynamical interpretation of the model response. Increased Southern Ocean wind stress enhances the upper cell of the overturning circulation through creation of available potential energy in the Southern Hemisphere, associated with stronger upwelling of deep water. Poleward shifts in the Southern Ocean westerlies lead to a complicated transient response, with the formation of bottom water induced by increased polynya activity in the Weddell Sea and a weakening of the upper overturning cell in the Northern Hemisphere. The energetic consequences of the upper overturning cell response indicate an interhemispheric connection to the input of available potential energy in the Northern Hemisphere.
Item Details
| Item Type: | Refereed Article |
|---|---|
| Keywords: | Southern Ocean upwelling, ocean circulation, climate, ocean-sea ice model, |
| Research Division: | Earth Sciences |
| Research Group: | Oceanography |
| Research Field: | Physical Oceanography |
| Objective Division: | Environment |
| Objective Group: | Climate and Climate Change |
| Objective Field: | Climate Change Models |
| Author: | Downes, SM (Dr Stephanie Downes) |
| ID Code: | 114137 |
| Year Published: | 2017 |
| Web of Science® Times Cited: | 7 |
| Deposited By: | CRC-Antarctic Climate & Ecosystems |
| Deposited On: | 2017-02-07 |
| Last Modified: | 2018-04-20 |
| Downloads: | 66 View Download Statistics |
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