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Loss of Cytoskeletal Transport during Egress Critically Attenuates Ectromelia Virus Infection In Vivo
Citation
Lynn, H and Horsington, J and Ter, LK and Han, S and Chew, YL and Diefenbach, RJ and Way, M and Chaudhri, G and Karupiah, G and Newsome, TP, Loss of Cytoskeletal Transport during Egress Critically Attenuates Ectromelia Virus Infection In Vivo, Journal of Virology (Online), 86, (13) pp. 7427-7443. ISSN 1098-5514 (2012) [Refereed Article]
Copyright Statement
Copyright 2012 American Society for Microbiology
Abstract
Egress of wrapped virus (WV) to the cell periphery following vaccinia virus (VACV) replication is dependent on interactions with the microtubule motor complex kinesin-1 and is mediated by the viral envelope protein A36. Here we report that ectromelia virus (ECTV), a related orthopoxvirus and the causative agent of mousepox, encodes an A36 homologue (ECTV-Mos-142) that is highly conserved despite a large truncation at the C terminus. Deleting the ECTV A36R gene leads to a reduction in the number of extracellular viruses formed and to a reduced plaque size, consistent with a role in microtubule transport. We also observed a complete loss of virus-associated actin comets, another phenotype dependent on A36 expression during VACV infection. ECTV ΔA36R was severely attenuated when used to infect the normally susceptible BALB/c mouse strain. ECTV ΔA36R replication and spread from the draining lymph nodes to the liver and spleen were significantly reduced in BALB/c mice and in Rag-1-deficient mice, which lack T and B lymphocytes. The dramatic reduction in ECTV ΔA36R titers early during the course of infection was not associated with an augmented immune response. Taken together, these findings demonstrate the critical role that subcellular transport pathways play not only in orthopoxvirus infection in an in vitro context but also during orthopoxvirus pathogenesis in a natural host. Furthermore, despite the attenuation of the mutant virus, we found that infection nonetheless induced protective immunity in mice, suggesting that orthopoxvirus vectors with A36 deletions may be considered another safe vaccine alternative.
Item Details
| Item Type: | Refereed Article |
|---|---|
| Keywords: | Actin, cytoskeletal virus transport, virus transmission, immunopathology |
| Research Division: | Biomedical and Clinical Sciences |
| Research Group: | Medical microbiology |
| Research Field: | Medical virology |
| Objective Division: | Health |
| Objective Group: | Clinical health |
| Objective Field: | Clinical health not elsewhere classified |
| UTAS Author: | Karupiah, G (Associate Professor Guna Karupiah) |
| ID Code: | 107814 |
| Year Published: | 2012 |
| Web of Science® Times Cited: | 18 |
| Deposited By: | Medicine |
| Deposited On: | 2016-03-24 |
| Last Modified: | 2017-11-20 |
| Downloads: | 231 View Download Statistics |
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