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Defining planktonic protist functional groups on mechanisms for energy and nutrient acquisition: incorporation of diverse mixotrophic strategies

Citation

Mitra, A and Flynn, KJ and Tillmann, U and Raven, JA and Caron, D and Stoeker, DK and Not, F and Hansen, PJ and Hallegraeff, G and Sanders, R and Wilken, S and McManus, G and Johnson, M and Pitta, P and Vage, S and Berge, T and Calbet, A and Thingstad, F and Jeong, HJ and Burkholder, J and Glibert, PM and Graneli, E and Lundgren, V, Defining planktonic protist functional groups on mechanisms for energy and nutrient acquisition: incorporation of diverse mixotrophic strategies, Protist, 167, (2) pp. 106-120. ISSN 1434-4610 (2016) [Refereed Article]


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Copyright 2016 The Authors. Licensed under Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

DOI: doi:10.1016/j.protis.2016.01.003

Abstract

Arranging organisms into functional groups aids ecological research by grouping organisms (irrespective of phylogenetic origin) that interact with environmental factors in similar ways. Planktonic protists traditionally have been split between photoautotrophic "phytoplankton" and phagotrophic "microzooplankton". However, there is a growing recognition of the importance of mixotrophy in euphotic aquatic systems, where many protists often combine photoautotrophic and phagotrophic modes of nutrition. Such organisms do not align with the traditional dichotomy of phytoplankton and microzooplankton. To reflect this understanding, we propose a new functional grouping of planktonic protists in an eco-physiological context: (i) phagoheterotrophs lacking phototrophic capacity, (ii) photoautotrophs lacking phagotrophic capacity, (iii) constitutive mixotrophs (CMs) as phagotrophs with an inherent capacity for phototrophy, and (iv) non-constitutive mixotrophs (NCMs) that acquire their phototrophic capacity by ingesting specific (SNCM) or general non-specific (GNCM) prey. For the first time, we incorporate these functional groups within a foodweb structure and show, using model outputs, that there is scope for significant changes in trophic dynamics depending on the protist functional type description. Accordingly, to better reflect the role of mixotrophy, we recommend that as important tools for explanatory and predictive research, aquatic food-web and biogeochemical models need to redefine the protist groups within their frameworks.

Item Details

Item Type:Refereed Article
Keywords:mixotrophy, plankton functional types (PFTs), phagotroph, phototroph, mixotroph, phytoplankton, microzoo-plankton
Research Division:Biological Sciences
Research Group:Plant Biology
Research Field:Phycology (incl. Marine Grasses)
Objective Division:Animal Production and Animal Primary Products
Objective Group:Fisheries - Aquaculture
Objective Field:Fisheries - Aquaculture not elsewhere classified
Author:Hallegraeff, G (Professor Gustaaf Hallegraeff)
ID Code:107006
Year Published:2016
Web of Science® Times Cited:46
Deposited By:Ecology and Biodiversity
Deposited On:2016-03-01
Last Modified:2018-04-10
Downloads:100 View Download Statistics

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