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Mechanistic elucidation of the arylation of non-spectator N-heterocyclic carbenes at copper using a combined experimental and computational approach
journal contribution
posted on 2023-05-18, 16:02 authored by Williams, TJ, Bray, JTW, Lake, BRM, Willans, CE, Rajabi, NA, Alireza AriafardAlireza Ariafard, Manzini, C, Bellina, F, Whitwood, AC, Fairlamb, IJSCuI(NHC)Br complexes (NHC = N-heterocyclic carbene) undergo a direct reaction with iodobenzene to give 2-arylated benzimidazolium products. The nature of the N-substituent on the NHC ligand influences the reactivity of the CuI(NHC)Br complex toward arylation. N-Benzyl or N-phenyl substituents facilitate arylation, whereas N-mesityl substituents hinder arylation. Density functional theory calculations show that an oxidative addition/reductive elimination pathway involving CuIII species is energetically feasible. A less hindered CuI(NHC)Br complex with N-benzyl groups is susceptible to oxidation reactions to give 1,3-dibenzylbenzimidazolium cations containing a CuIBr anion (various polymorphs). The results described herein are of relevance to C–H functionalization of (benz)azoles.
History
Publication title
OrganometallicsVolume
34Issue
14Pagination
3497-3507ISSN
0276-7333Department/School
School of Natural SciencesPublisher
Amer Chemical SocPlace of publication
1155 16Th St, Nw, Washington, USA, Dc, 20036Rights statement
Copyright 2015 American Chemical SocietyRepository Status
- Restricted