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Starch degradation
journal contribution
posted on 2023-05-18, 11:22 authored by Smith, AM, Zeeman, SC, Steven SmithSteven SmithRecent research reveals that starch degradation in Arabidopsis leaves at night is significantly different from the “textbook” version of this process. Although parts of the pathway are now understood, other parts remain to be discovered. Glucans derived from starch granules are hydrolyzed via β-amylase to maltose, which is exported from the chloroplast. In the cytosol maltose is the substrate for a transglucosylation reaction, producing glucose and a glucosylated acceptor molecule. The enzyme that attacks the starch granule to release glucans is not known, nor is the nature of the cytosolic acceptor molecule. An Arabidopsis-type pathway may operate in leaves of other species, and in nonphotosynthetic organs that accumulate starch transiently. However, in starch-storing organs such as cereal endosperms and legume seeds, the process differs from that in Arabidopsis and may more closely resemble the textbook pathway. We discuss the differences in relation to the biology of each system.
History
Publication title
Annual Review of Plant BiologyVolume
56Pagination
73-98ISSN
1543-5008Department/School
School of Natural SciencesPublisher
Annual ReviewsPlace of publication
United States of AmericaRights statement
Copyright 2005 Annual ReviewsRepository Status
- Restricted